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since January 2002

Since January 2002 we write a column about best practice  Java programming.  It appeared in JavaSpektrum until March 2008 and has been published in JavaMagazin since then. This column is available in German only. Pre-copyedit versions of the articles are made available below. Here are some comments by our  readers  (in German):  "... wenn man sehen will, wie man so eine Reihe wirklich fundiert, fachlich richtig und gut geschrieben aufzieht, der werfe mal einen Blick in ... eine Reihe namens "Effective Java" von Angelika Langer und Klaus Kreft ..."  (quoted from Entwickler-Forum )  "... Mir ist keine andere vergleichbare Serie bekannt, die sich über einen so langen Zeitraum auf einem konstant hohen Niveau mit Grundlagen von Java beschäftigt und die notwendigen Zusammenhänge veranschaulicht...." (quoted from Software Engineering Blog )

2002-2008
Fundamentals - Object Comparison in Java - Principles of Implementing equals()	January 2002
Fundamentals - Comparing Apples and Pears - Type Check in equals()	March 2002
Fundamentals - Hash Code in Java - Consistency between equals() and hashCode()	May 2002
Fundamentals - Comparators in Java - Principles of Implementing compareTo()	July 2002
Fundamentals - Copies and Clones - Purpose of clone()	September 2002
Fundamentals - Copies and Clones - Principles of Implementing clone()	November 2002
Fundamentals - CloneNotSupported - clone() and Its Exception	January 2003
Fundamentals - Implementing Immutable Types	March 2003
Fundamentals - Immutability Adapters for Collections and the Meaning of final	July 2003
Fundamentals - final Classes and final Methods	September 2003
Fundamentals - Polymorphic Method Calls in Constructors	November 2003
Concurrency - Multithreading Basics	January 2004
Concurrency - Synchonization in Detail	March 2004
Concurrency - Explicit Locks (a new feature in JDK 5.0)	May 2004
Concurrency - wait() and notify() in Detail	July 2004
Concurrency - The Nested Monitor Problem	September 2004
Concurrency - Stopping and Suspending Threads	November 2004
Concurrency - Thread-Safe Collections and Synchronizers	January 2005
Concurrency - Asynchronous Tasks (Callable and Future)	March 2005
Concurrency - Thread Pools	May 2005
Performance - Micro-Benchmarking	July 2005
Performance - Micro-Benchmarking & JIT Compilation	September 2005
Performance - Profiler Tools	November 2005
Performance - Functional Performance Hot Spots	January 2006
Performance - Memory Hot Spots	March 2006
Performance - Garbage Collection Algorithms	May 2006 & July 2006
Performance - Tuning the Garbage Collector	September 2006
Enums - The Language Feature of Enumeration Types	November 2006
Enums - A Common Pitfall	January 2007
Generics - Introduction to Generics and Parameterized Types	March 2007
Generics - Wildcards	May 2007
Generics - Raw Types and Type Erasure	July 2007
Generics - Type Erasure - The Dark Side	September 2007
Generics - Generic Creation	November 2007
Generics - Implementing a Generic Pair Class (Part 1)	January 2008
Generics - Implementing a Generic Pair Class (Part 2)	March 2008
since 2008
JMM - Introduction to Memory Model Issues in Java	July 2008
JMM - Overview of the Java Memory Model	August 2008
JMM - The Cost of Lock-Based Synchronisation	September 2008
JMM - Volatile Variables	October 2008
JMM - Double-Check Locking	November 2008
JMM - Idioms for Use of Volatile	December 2008
JMM - Initialization Safety	February 2009
JMM - Immutable Types	April 2009
JMM - The Danger of Aggressive Optimizations	June 2009
JMM - Atomic Scalar Variables	August 2009
JMM - Atomic Reference Variables	October 2009
JMM - CopyOnWriteArrayList	December 2009
GC - Generational Garbage Collection	February 2010
GC - Young Generation Garbage Collection	April 2010
GC - Old Generation Garbage Collection - Mark-and-Compact	June 2010
GC - Old Generation Garbage Collection - Concurrent-Mark-and-Sweep	August 2010
GC - Garbage Collection Tuning Goals	October 2010
GC - Garbage Collection Tuning Strategies	December 2010
GC - "Garbage First" (G1) Garbage Collection	February 2011
GC - Tuning the "Garbage First" (G1) Garbage Collector	April 2011
Java7 - New Features in Java 7 - Overview	June 2011